The strategy of pulmonary protective ventilation after cardiac arrest resuscitation in critical ill children and the follow-up study

Abstract

Objective To investigate the strategy of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) after lung protective mechanical ventilation in critical children and follow-up study of the survivals 90 d after discharge. Methods Four hundred and eighty-nine cases of respiratory cardiac arrest which occurred for various reasons from January 2011 to June 2016 were analyzed in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) in Guiyang Children′s Hospital, in which mechanical ventilation was performed after CPR in 251 cases, death, or giving up treatment within 24 h in 83 cases, children surviving > 24 h in 168 cases, 118 cases were assigned into small tidal volume ventilation group, and 50 cases into conventional tidal volume ventilation group, and according to the tidal volume to adjust positive end expiratory pressure ventilation (PEEP), and the oxygen partial pressure [pa(O2)] and the oxygen index (OI), the change of the indexes of blood gas analysis, lactic acid clearance, and oxygenation were also observed. To observe the complications of mechanical ventilation, the situation of withdrawing machine as well as the outcome of the children.Follow-up was conducted for 90 d, including continuous respiratory symptoms, lung imaging examination after discharge and lung function, nervous system examination. Results (1)After mechanical ventilation treatment of 48 hours, compared with the levels of fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2) (0.42±0.15 vs.0.43±0.22), pa(O2)(8.25±0.22 vs.8.27±0.68), OI (5.33±2.01 vs.6.59±1.99) and lactic acid clearance(61.05±1.87 vs.60.93±2.71)between the routine tidal volume ventilation group and the lower tidal volume ventilation group, showing that the difference had no statistical significance (t=1.645, 1.165, 2.302, 2.037, all P>0.05). (2) In small tidal volume group, the incidence of ventilator associated lung injury was significantly lower than that in the conventional tidal volume group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=5.873, P 0.05). (4) One hundred and twenty-seven cases of children survived and were discharged, and compared with their discharge, the follow-up of 62 cases after discharge for 30 d, 90 d showed that all the children′s lung function improved, tidal volume, inspiratory and expiratory time ratio(I/E), volume ratio of peak(VP/VE), time ratio of peak(TP/TE) and breathing rate(RR) were also improved, and there was significant difference (F=43.225, 6.108, 68.821, 78.237, 20.361, all P<0.05). (5) Neurological examination and children′s brain function classification rating scale showed that some children had nerve dysfunction. Conclusions Small tidal volume ventilation in reducing the occurrence of ventilator associated lung injury is superior to the conventional tidal volume ventilation. To improve case fatality rate of the children with cardiac arrest resuscitation and oxygenation is not better than the conventional tidal volume group. Dynamic monitoring is helpful to adjust breathing mechanics indexes and parameters and ventilator. Through the follow-up most of the discharged children recovered well, but a few had recurrent respiratory infection and neurological sequelae. Key words: Cardiopulmonary; Lung protective ventilation strategy; Follow-up; Critical ill; Child