Abstract
ABSTRACT This research examines the employment, organization, equipment, and missions of Turkish special operation forces (SOF) under four main periods in Turkish history: first, the Seljuk period and border security forces called “margraves;” second, the Akıncılar, an extension of the margraves, who appeared during the Ottoman period; third, local irregular Arab and Bedouin troops serving in the Italo-Turkish War (1911–1912); and fourth, the Kuva-yi Milliye who participated in the Turkish War of Independence, engaging in guerilla warfare against the Allied and Italian Forces. I conclude by describing the similarities among these groups and the relevance of their history to today’s SOF.
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