The Strategic Importance of Space Solar Power in Future Exploration Programs

Abstract

The emergence of the Vision for Space Exploration (VSE) in 2004 set the U.S. space program on an exciting new path. However, sustainable human and robotic exploration in the future will depend upon our ability to realize novel systems approaches that embody several critical characteristics, including affordability, reliability, effectiveness, and flexibility. Realizing these strategic goals—particularly for ambitious lunar surface operations—will depend upon the emergence of transformational new capabilities—particularly large-scale, affordable space solar power systems. Diverse technologies must be developed if this strategic capability is to be deployed when needed in the 2015-2025 timeframe. For example, research and development in this area should include integrated development and demonstration of high-power, low-mass photovoltaic solar arrays, modular intelligent power management and distribution systems, etc.; other topics may include novel systems approaches including thermo-photovoltaic systems, solar dynamic systems, or other concepts. This paper will introduce some of the key issues associated with sustainable future space exploration, with emphasis on the potential longer-term importance of advanced space solar power (SSP) systems. The paper will also discuss at a high-level some relevant concepts and technologies that may play a role in the eventual, successful resolution of these challenges, and it will examine some of the relevant SSP concepts as they might apply to space exploration goals and objectives and will assess the pros and cons of each in terms of capabilities that enable exploration, and those that provide broader benefits to society as a result of pursuing exploration. The paper will conclude with a brief discussion of the requirements and prospects for technology flight experiments and demonstrations that might be needed to resolve some of the key questions involved.