Abstract
In March 2018, the United States adopted measures to increase tariffs on a range of imported steel and aluminium products, justifying the tariffs with its national security concerns under GATT Article XXI. The United States also exempted certain exporting countries, such as South Korea, Brazil, and Argentina, from these tariffs in exchange for quota agreements limiting exports of the steel and aluminium products from these countries. These steel and aluminium quota agreements arguably violate the provisions of Article 11 of the WTO Agreement on Safeguards prohibiting such agreements (‘gray-area measures’). This article reviews the compatibility of the steel and aluminium quota agreements with the Agreement on Safeguards and examines the impact of these agreements on the world trading system.
Published Version
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