The stages of demolition of buildings of the first industrial generation

Abstract

This article analyzes the housing of the first industrial generation. Moscow still has a great number of residential buildings of the first industrial generation with a total area of about 25 million m2. That is about 8.000 buildings with at least 1.6 million residents. A large part of such buildings is in critical or almost critical condition.The magnitude and complexity of the solution to the problem of housing renovation of the buildings of the first industrial generation have determined an approach different to the described above. The basis of this approach is a quaterly demolition including the total area of all the uncomfortable housings with the subsequent building on the freed territories.The article examines the experience gained on demolition of five-storey residential buildings of the first industrial generation and reveals the steps and ways of their elimination by mechanical disassembling of structures using hydraulic shears.The authors propose a phased dismantling of the structures, beginning with the dismantling of internal systems, including equipment and devices, as well as finishing elements - removing of window frames and doors along with boxes, built-in cabinets, flooring (boards, linoleum, parquet, etc.). The article includes the list of the team cast to perform demolition work, together with indications of the workers and the equipment required. It also provides organizational and technological solutions for the storage of each kind of demolition materials and moving them into the heavy duty automotive container.The draft of production work is proposed to pay special attention to activities for the prevention of employee exposure to hazardous and harmful production factors (spontaneous collapse of structures and object elements, fall of floating structures and equipment, moving parts of construction machinery and cargo sliding, sharp edges of constructions and protruding rods, high concentration of dust and hazardous substances in the air at the workplace).The order of demolition of five-storey residential buildings must include implementation of a complex of preparatory activities, including the organization of building site, dismantling of internal and engineering systems and finishing elements, demolition of buildings using excavators-demolishers equipped with modern attachments including hydraulic shears.