The spring durum wheat variety ‘Bezenchukskaya Yubileinaya’

P N Malchikov,T V Chukheeva,M G Myasnikova

doi:10.31367/2079-8725-2021-77-5-41-45

Abstract

The Middle Volga region is traditionally a production region of high-quality durum wheat. For sustainable grain crop production, a system of durum wheat varieties’ breeding is being developed here. For its diversification there has been developed the new variety ‘Bezenchukskaya Yubileinaya’. The breeding process from hybridization of the variety to its study in the competitive variety testing was carried out in the experimental plots of the Samara Research Institute of Agriculture. The competitive variety testing was carried out in parallel at the Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology. There was conducted the ecological and geographical study in the KASIB system for 2 years (in 2017 and 2018) in 9 eco-points of various institutions in Russia and Kazakhstan. During the period of the variety development (2004–2020) there were spring and summer droughts, one being very strong and 6 being strong, 2 being strong spring and one strong summer droughts, one moderate spring-summer and one moderate spring drought. In the same period, there was an epiphytotics of various pathogens for 5 years. When studied in the competitive variety testing, there were severe spring-summer droughts in 2016, 2018, 2019; there was an epiphytotics of leaf blotches (fusarium, pyrenophorosis) and stem rust in 2016. The years 2017 and 2020 were favorable for the grain yield formation. The realized productivity of the variety ‘Bezenchukskaya Yubileinaya’ was 6.04 t/ha at FSBSI FANTSA (Altai Research Institute of Agriculture) in 2018. In the competitive variety testing of the Samara Research Institute of Agriculture, the new variety productivity exceeded that of the standard one on 0.25 t/ha for 5 years. According to drought resistance, resistance to leaf rust, the variety had an advantage over the standard one. The variety is resistant (R/MR type of resistance) to leaf blotches, grain and pasta quality is at the standard level. The purpose of the current work was to describe the methods of development, properties and testing traits of the new variety.

Highlights

The Middle Volga region is traditionally a production region of high-quality durum wheat
When studied in the competitive variety testing, there were severe spring-summer droughts in 2016, 2018, 2019; there was an epiphytotics of leaf blotches and stem rust in 2016
In the competitive variety testing of the Samara Research Institute of Agriculture, the new variety productivity exceeded that of the standard one on 0.25 t/ha for 5 years

Summary

ЯРОВАЯ ТВЁРДАЯ ПШЕНИЦА БЕЗЕНЧУКСКАЯ ЮБИЛЕЙНАЯ

Среднее Поволжье традиционно является регионом производства высококачественного зерна твёрдой пшеницы. В конкурсном сортоиспытании Самарского НИИСХ новый сорт за 5 лет превысил уровень стандарта по урожайности зерна на 0,25 т/га. Генеалогия сорта яровой твёрдой пшеницы Безенчукская юбилейная Genealogy of the spring durum wheat variety ‘Bezenchukskaya Yubileinaya’. При изучении в конкурсном сортоиспытании лимитирующими факторами были в 2016 году – сильная весенне-летняя засуха и эпифитотии листовых пятнистостей (фузариоз, пиренофороз) и стеблевой ржавчины, в 2018–2019 годы наблюдалась сильная весенне-летняя засуха. Средняя урожайность в конкурсном сортоиспытании Самарского НИИСХ за 5 лет (2016–2020 гг.) составила 2,63 т/га, что на 0,25 т/га, или на 10,5%, превышает уровень стандартного сорта Безенчукская 210 1. Хозяйственно-биологические признаки нового сорта яровой твердой пшеницы Безенчукская юбилейная, полученные в конкурсном сортоиспытании в Самарском НИИСХ (2016–2020 гг.) 1. Economic and biological traits of the new variety of spring durum wheat ‘Bezenchukskaya Yubileinaya’ obtained in the competitive variety testing at the Samara Research Institute of Agriculture (2016–2020)

Число зерен в колосе

Сорт Безенчукская юбилейная

Оригинатор Самарский НИИСХ Самарский НИИСХ Самарский НИИСХ