The "sponge city" program as a system of adaptation methods to climate changes in reforming and forming the architectural environment

Abstract

This article analyzes the implementation of the «Sponge city» concept in the formation and reform of the urban and architectural environment, as a comprehensive method of adaptation to the problems caused by climate change, which was caused by the global warming of our planet. In this concept, the emphasis is on the regulation of all types of water resources in the aspects of floods, swamps and inundations. One of the main reasons for accelerating the pace of global warming is rapid industrial development and urbanization. This led to increased use of resources, including water, which created major environmental risks. The problems of climate change have worsened not only due to the growth of gas emissions into the atmosphere, but also due to the rapid and unplanned urbanization of the urban environment, which was formed in the post-industrial period and reflects the greedy approach of society to the limited resources of the planet. Due to this, large-scale post-industrial processes took place in many countries of the world, which led to significant environmental problems. The urban population grew at a rapid rate, with the simultaneous construction of the necessary infrastructure, including housing, factories and roads. Such processes also took place in the People's Republic of China, due to which the issue of regulating water resources was raised in the country, and the concept of "Sponge city" was applied as an answer. On the example of several Chinese cities of Wuhan, Pingxiang and Haikou, where this concept was successfully applied, adaptation methods and complex approaches for reforming the existing urban and forming a new architectural environment were systematized. Based on them, an action algorithm for the implementation of these methods and technologies was developed as a program of communication of all large-scale levels among themselves. Applying this program, at the levels from the region to an individual building and vice versa. A self-regenerating system is formed - a "sponge city-region-ecosystem" as a complex of innovative methods of combating floods, inundation, wetlands, excess precipitation, which promotes adaptation to climate changes and ensures sustainability , safety and harmony of the environment.