The Spectra and Colors of Cool White Dwarfs

Abstract

White dwarfs fall in two main categories (1) the group with H-rich atmospheres (DA) the most numerous, and (2) the group with He-rich atmospheres (DB, DC, DF, DG, λ4670). Calculations of element separation (via gravitational settling) and convective mixing in white dwarf models have been made by Koester (1976) and Vauclair and Reisse (1977) in order to understand the existence and maintenance of these distinct groups and to predict at what stage during the cooling of the white dwarf some connection may occur between the two groups. Over the last few years, Wickramasinghe, Bessell and Cottrell (Wickramasinghe et al., 1977; Cottrell et al., 1977; Bessell and Wickramasinghe, 1979; Bessell, 1978 and Wickramasinghe and Bessell, 1979) have investigated the properties of cool (T < 6000K white dwarfs observationally and theoretically. We have attempted to establish at what temperature mixing does occur in DA white dwarfs, whether cool white dwarfs could be confused with G, K and M dwarfs, and if one can discriminate spectroscopically cool He and H-rich white dwarfs. In this paper we will discuss the spectra and colors of the coolest (Te < 5000K white dwarfs and compare them with model atmosphere calculations.