Abstract
Environmental constraints are not only important aspects that affect the cultivated land quality but also necessary factors that shall be considered when evaluating the cultivated land quality scientifically. Moreover, identifying the quality condition of cultivated land accurately is the premise for guaranteeing food security. Based on the case study of diluvial fan terrain in Jimsar County, Xinjiang in the arid region of Northwest China, this study utilizes a geographic information system spatial analysis and a multifactor comprehensive evaluation method and constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system for cultivated land quality on account of three dimensions, namely soil properties, farming conditions, and natural environmental conditions. To reduce the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) effect and improve the accuracy of the quality evaluation results of cultivated land, this study compares the spatial interpolation methods of Inverse Distance Weighted Matrix (IDW), Ordinary Kriging (OK), and Spline Functions (Spline) based on different cultivated land evaluation units. Through the assessment on the comparison results, we finally adopted large-scale cultivated land as the quality evaluation unit of cultivated land and Ordinary Kriging (OK) as the spatial interpolation method. The results indicated that the average grade of the quality index of cultivated land in the diluvial fan terrain of Jimsar County is 6.66 at the middle or lower level; the quality of cultivated land and natural environment conditions reduce with the rise of elevation of the diluvial fan terrain, indicating a vertical zonality differentiation rule; the farming conditions keep sliding from the middle part of diluvial fan terrain to the edge of the diluvial fan terrain and the piedmont slope. The major factors affecting the quality of the cultivated land include the soil capacity, soil pH, soil organic matter, the quantity of straw returning to the field, source of irrigation water, water delivery method, part of the diluvial fan, groundwater level depth, and geomorphic type. Therefore, the measures to improve the quality of the cultivated land are put forward, mainly including improving the soil, carrying out land consolidation projects, and developing highly efficient water-saving irrigation agriculture. This study provides favorable references and directions for the sustainable utilization and quality improvement of cultivated land resources in arid regions.
Highlights
As a special natural resource, cultivated land is an important agricultural means of production and an important material foundation for guaranteeing food security, coordinating ecological security(See Appendix A for the definition of ecological security and the role of cultivated land in coordinating ecological security), and promoting the stable and sustainable development of human society [1,2]
In combination with the factors that have a larger influence on the three dimensions index, the major factors influencing the cultivated land quality in the diluvial fan terrain mainly include: the soil bulk density, soil pH, soil organic matter, quantity of straw returning to the field, irrigation water source, water delivery method, part of the diluvial fan, underground water depth, and landform pattern (Figure 5)
According to the research results, the primary factors influencing the cultivated land quality in the diluvial fan terrain include the soil bulk density, soil pH, soil organic matter, quantity of straw returning to the field, irrigation water source, water delivery method, diluvial fan part, underground water depth, and landform pattern
Summary
As a special natural resource, cultivated land is an important agricultural means of production and an important material foundation for guaranteeing food security, coordinating ecological security(See Appendix A for the definition of ecological security and the role of cultivated land in coordinating ecological security), and promoting the stable and sustainable development of human society [1,2]. In the past four decades since the reform and opening of China, rapid economic development and urban expansion has led to the occupation and loss of high-yield cultivated land gradually, while the quality of newly increased cultivated land by means of land consolidation has been uneven [3,4]. Problems such as soil contamination, water and soil loss, land desertification, and the bottleneck of water resource utilization have decreased the quality and suitability of the cultivated land of China, of the arid region in the northwest [5,6,7,8].
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