Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remains a global security challenge for humanity. The COVID-19 pandemic, a non traditional security threat has exposed how regions respond to non traditional and emerging security threats. Similarly, the South African Development Community (SADC) region remains confronted with security ramifications due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The peace and security of the region has been disturbed due to an upsurge of conflicts in countries, such as South Africa (South Africa’s unrests, protests and the Phoenix Massacre), Lesotho (Eswatini protests) and Mozambique’s (Carbo Delgado insurgency), all amidst the coronavirus global pandemic. Further to this, SADCs human security challenges that have transpired and, in some cases, have been further exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic, include economic decline, job losses, food insecurity and the loss of life to mention a few. Prior to the Covid-19 pandemic, SADC Member Stateshave had to exercise greater regional pandemic management with diseases, such as Malaria, Human Acquired Immune (HIV/AIDs) and Tuberculosis (TB). SADCs efforts in combatting these human security threats have been progressive and notable. The study will analyse and build on the challenges, identified in Landsberg’s (2012) study The Southern African Development Community decision-making architecture, where he suggests that at the heart of SADCs progress is the need for greater implementation of their set goals and aspirations. The study will analyse recent efforts, undertaken by the SADC region, in order to determine the successes and challenges, faced by the sub-regional bloc. It is analysing peace and security of SADC under the Covid-19 pandemic through an upsurge of conflicts in the region and the early securitisation and cooperation of the Covid-19 pandemic. The article suggests, SADC strengthened regional cooperation efforts, such as early warning systems and regional execution methods, have fostered advanced regional security outcomesin the region.
Highlights
As the result of the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic there has been unprecedented concern on peace and security
This study explored the recent security efforts, undertaken by the South African Development Community (SADC) under the Covid-19 pandemic, through an exploration of an upsurge of conflicts in the region and the early securitisation and cooperation strategy and operations undertaken.This study is a case study, on SADC, one of the regional economic communities in Africa
SADC must autonomously steer its visions, values and set-goals in a robust manner, which allows for greater accountability and transparency with civil society
Summary
As the result of the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic there has been unprecedented concern on peace and security. The SADC security agenda is connected to matters, pertaining to gender and women’s issues, disease, education, food security and climate challenges [8] An effort for these challenges to be overcome is leading to greater success, alongside peace, security and development. SADCs prevention success in epidemic planning for malaria [9, 10] and HIV [11] epidemic containment and decline have been progressive in the region [12] It is for this reason and several other reasons that SADC is a unique case study to analyse regional security and early warning strategy for pandemic management. In exploring the early securitisation of SADC, the study explores the collective strategies and how peace and security have been maintained amidst a global pandemic, in order to explore the security community status of SADC. The paper calls for a Collective Regional Policy to ensure that SADC demonstrates a common identity, value system, and a measure in place that ensures that member states implement and adhere to conflict management policy
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