The short-term effects of enhanced efficiency fertilizers on soil N-cycling genes, and relationship with nitrogen use efficiency in a long-term field experiment

Wei Zhang,Rui Liu,Xiuchun Xu,Xuan Yang,Fanqiao Meng

doi:10.5194/egusphere-egu22-7968

Wei Zhang, Rui Liu + Show 3 more

https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-7968

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Publication Date: Mar 28, 2022

Affiliation: China Agricultural University

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&lt;p&gt;Enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEFs) used in agriculture worldwide for mitigating greenhouse gases N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions and improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, the long-term and instant effects of EEFs on N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions, NUE and the N-cycle related soil functional groups remains elusive. In the current study, we measured N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions, crop yield and plant N content over 4 years (2012-2015) to evaluate the long-term effects of EEFs on N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions and NUE in wheat-maize system in northern China. Besides, we investigated the microbial functional genes (&lt;em&gt;amoA&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;nxrA&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;nxrB&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;narG&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;nosZ&lt;/em&gt;) before and after fertilization to examine how nitrifiers and denitrifiers communities responded to EEFs based on a long-term field experiment. The experiment consisted of the following six treatments: 1) CK, no N fertilizer; 2) U, urea; 3) NI, urea with 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP); 4) UI, urea with N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT); 5) NIUI, urea with combined DMPP and NBPT and 6) CRF, urea with controlled release fertilizers. Compared with U treatment, using EEFs reduced cumulative N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions by 30% (UI), 57% (NI), 46% (UINI) and 25%(CRF). The CRF, NIUI, UI and NI treatments increased the annual crop yield (7%, 8%,5% and 5%) and the NUE (44%, 22%, 8%and 9%) relative to the U treatment. Urea and EEFs significantly decreased the diversity of &lt;em&gt;nxrA&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;nxrB&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt; narG&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;nosZ&lt;/em&gt; rapidly after fertilization, but there was no difference among treatments. Urea applied alone reduced the diversity of AOA-&lt;em&gt;amoA&lt;/em&gt; and altered its community structure instantly after fertilization. CRF changed the relative abundance with AOB on Phylum level in short-term, and changed the community composition of AOB after repeated use of CRF. NBPT has a prominent impact on the community structure of &lt;em&gt;narG&lt;/em&gt;, whether in the short-term or in the long-term. It can be seen that the effect of EEFs varied according to different functional groups. The long-term and transient effects on soil microbe communities of EEFs might be inconsistent. This indicated that more studies are required focusing on the responds of soil microbe community to EEFs on different time scales.&lt;/p&gt;

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