Abstract
The sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication network is expected to integrate the terrestrial, aerial, and maritime communications into a robust network which would be more reliable, fast, and can support a massive number of devices with ultra-low latency requirements. The researchers around the globe are proposing cutting edge technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML), quantum communication/quantum machine learning (QML), blockchain, tera-Hertz and millimeter waves communication, tactile Internet, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), small cells communication, fog/edge computing, etc., as the key technologies in the realization of beyond 5G (B5G) and 6G communications. In this article, we provide a detailed overview of the 6G network dimensions with air interface and associated potential technologies. More specifically, we highlight the use cases and applications of the proposed 6G networks in various dimensions. Furthermore, we also discuss the key performance indicators (KPI) for the B5G/6G network, challenges, and future research opportunities in this domain.
Highlights
Next-generation communication systems aim to achieve high spectral and energy efficiency, low latency, and massive connectivity because of extensive growth in the number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices
The quantum communications (QC) can provide the solutions for the 6G networks in the domain of increased channel capacity, e.g., new multiple access technologies, such as non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) demand very high power on run time for computation of successive interference cancellations (SIC)
Key performance indicators (KPIs) we discuss the main key performance indicators (KPI) of 6G wireless systems
Summary
Next-generation communication systems aim to achieve high spectral and energy efficiency, low latency, and massive connectivity because of extensive growth in the number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. We cover different dimensions and aspects of 6G focusing on the projected 6G system architecture, potential technologies, network dimensions, KPIs, applications, and use cases. We highlight all the essential network elements of 6G system architecture and discuss the new air interface development, application of AI and ML, utilization of new spectrum, the coexistence of variable radio access technologies (RATs), and intelligent and smart beamforming, etc. – Towards the end, we discuss multiple challenges and research directions that include the increase in chip size, beamforming for mobile users, pre-emptive scheduling, low latency, and high reliability, and variable bandwidth and coverage issues that will be faced due to the coexistence of all networks.
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