Abstract
The estimation of participation and density of forage species in several xerothermic communities of the Lublin Upland were carried out in 2004 and 2005. Most plants species visited by bees are grouped in plots of the <i>Brachypodio</i>-<i>Teucrietum</i> and the <i>Adonido</i>-<i>Brachypodietum pinnati</i> communities. The nectariferous and polleniferous taxons are mostly perennials predominated by hemicryptophytes (79%), others are terophytes and geophytes (21%). Successive blooming of the nectariferous and polleniferous species in both associations ensures unbroken food flow from the early spring until the late summer and early autumn. Xerothermic swards make a valuable food potential to be important for the <i>Apoidea</i> before and after blooming of the main forage cultivated crops.
Highlights
Forage plants provide the pollinating apifauna the valuable food, nectar and pollen
The patches are clearly predominated by Inula ensifoliae, which is associated by typical xerothermic taxons such as Aster amellus and Cirsium pannonicum
The hard core of this association is formed by the species blooming at the mid and late summer or early autumn, and there is a lack of typical harbingers of spring, present in the other two associations
Summary
Forage plants provide the pollinating apifauna the valuable food, nectar and pollen. The development of honey bee colonies and wild bees closely depends on the food resources in the nearby habitat. The occurrence of food gaps is being negatively reflected on the condition of honey bees families and the considerable decline of bumblebees (Bombus Latr.), solitary bees (Osmia L., Megachile L., Andrena F.), Ma3gorzata Wrzesieñ, Bo¿ena Denisow and other pollinators (Dylewska , 1995; Flaga , 2000; J a b 3 oñski , 2000). The xerothermic phytocenoses most frequently develop on dry slopes, grazing lands, fallows, and even on slopes of railway embankments, and anti-errosion terraces. They cover different areas, depending on the humans activity
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