Abstract
The sex differences of infection and inflammatory diseases particularly appear at reproductive age and depend on the sex hormone level, varied between male and female. There are a few sets of data about the sex differences of infection and inflammatory diseases course, including systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis, of newborns. The aim of our research was the estimation of morphological and immunological manifestation of SIRS of the newborn Wistar rats. Investigations were carried out on male and female two-day-old Wistar rats (10–12 g). SIRS was modeled by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (E. coli, O26: B6 strain, Sigma) in high dose—15 mg/kg. We did not find out any sex differences of the liver lesions severity between newborn males and females after LPS injection. The levels of endotoxin and estradiol in the serum, as the number of neutrophils in the intra-alveolar septa of the lungs, were higher in males than females with SIRS. Production of IL-2 and TNF-α by the spleen cells of males was higher than that in control group that reflects polarization predominantly on the Th1-type immune response. The secretion of IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ by ConA activated spleen cells of females decreased that reflects the suppression of Th1-type immune response. We suppose that the LPS administration in the high dose causes the multidirectional reaction of the immune system of neonatal males and females Wistar rats.
Highlights
The sex differences of infection and inflammatory diseases manifest at reproductive age
In order to estimate the severity of liver pathological changes in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), we determined the activity of indicator enzymes, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) [Enzyme Classification (EC) 2.6.1.1]
Analyzing the cytokines production of newborn Wistar rats, we discovered that female culture of spleen cells had higher concentration of Th1-cytokines, IL-2 and IFN-γ, and proinflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, than male one (Table 2)
Summary
The sex differences of infection and inflammatory diseases manifest at reproductive age. Many authors suggest it depends on the differences in the sex hormone level, varied between male and female [1]. Mortality from sepsis in adulthood is over 35% [3], when sepsis of a newborn occurs less frequently and child’s mortality is not over 10% [4]. Innate immunity for neonate is more crucial than adaptive one because newborn “must” protect themselves from infection during the first days of life. There are a few sets of data about the sex differences of infection and inflammatory diseases course, including SIRS and sepsis, of newborns. The aim of our research was the estimation of morphological and immunological manifestation of SIRS of the newborn Wistar rats
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