Abstract
Treatment of bovine mastitis with intramammary antibiotics is common, yet several concerns exist including failed efficacy for individual hosts or pathogens and the inability of approved drugs to revert mastitis-induced tissue damage to healthy tissue capable of returning to full milk production. These issues, in addition to aspects of public health such as accidental antibiotic residues in saleable milk and the potential for antimicrobial resistance, support the need to find alternative therapies for this costly disease. This study shows that the secretome, or collective factors, produced by mammosphere-derived cells (MDC) promotes angiogenesis, epithelial cell migration, and contains proteins associated with immunity and defense; all of which are necessary for healing damaged mammary gland tissue. Furthermore, we found that the MDC secretome remains effective after freezing and thawing, enhancing its therapeutic potential. Our results provide a foundation for further characterization of the individual secreted factors and the rationale for using the MDC secretome as a complementary treatment for bovine mastitis.
Highlights
Mastitis is defined as inflammation of the mammary gland, and the main etiological contributors in dairy animals are bacterial in origin
This study characterized the secretome of bovine primary adherent fraction-derived cells (AFDC) and mammosphere-derived cells (MDC), and subsequently demonstrated the functionality of secreted factors involved in bacterial inhibition, angiogenesis and epithelial cell migration
This study provides in vitro evidence of the therapeutic potential of primary bovine mammary cell conditioned medium (CM) in mastitis management
Summary
Mastitis is defined as inflammation of the mammary gland, and the main etiological contributors in dairy animals are bacterial in origin. In addition to bacterial burden, damage caused to the mammary gland during mastitis reduces the number and activity of epithelial cells through disruption of alveolar cell integrity, sloughing of cells and induced apoptosis This destruction will lead to a build-up of milk constituents in the secretory epithelium resulting in a breakdown of the basement membrane due to stromal thickening. The MSC secretome contributes to healing processes by participating in the inflammatory, proliferative and remodeling phases of tissue repair, and can enhance bacterial clearance via the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMP)[15,16] Based on these reported secretome properties and the need for alternative and/or adjunct therapies for mastitis, we decided to characterize the secretome of primary cells from the bovine mammary gland with an emphasis on potential regenerative and antimicrobial properties
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