Abstract
There is no consensus among authors as to when the multi-party system started in Turkiye. While some authors state that the multi-party system in Turkiye started in the Second Constitutional Era, many authors generally accept that the multi-party system in Turkiye started after the Second World War. The second position has become so common that it has come to affect authors’ perceptions; whenever the transition to multi-party system in Turkiye is mentioned, the process that started in 1945 first comes to mind. This study argues that the multi-party system in Turkiye started in the Second Constitutional Era, a view that is contrary to which is widely known and accepted. The Second Constitutional Era was a period that started in 1908 when Abdulhamid II was forced to restore the Constitution of 1976 and continued until the end of 1918. It is necessary to divide this ten-year period into two parts: the period until 1913 when the Committee of Union and Progress was not the only authority and the following period which was marked by the Committee’s unchallenged rule. The second period under the authoritarian rule of the Committee can not be regarded as a multi-party regime, but rather a period of single-party rule. For this reason, the multi-party system is a phenomenon that we encounter in the first part of the Second Constitutional Era. In this context, the current study aims to reveal this multi-party regime by focusing on political life, especially the cabinets, political parties, and elections of the period, and also to change the common opinion in literature.
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