Abstract
Sailing vessels and shore stations have long recorded sea ice conditions in many parts of the world oceans and recently a more complete global picture has become available via aerial surveillance and satellite remote sensing. The types of measurements that may be made vary considerably in terms of the parameters recorded, their frequency, resolution, reliability, and geographical coverage. Also, whereas standard terminology, practices for ice observations, and codes for their reporting have been documented (e.g., U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office, 1956; Heap, 1972) and procedures for display of ice information on charts have recently been standardized, international standards for data archiving are only now beginning to be formulated (WDC-A for Glaciology, 1979; Thompson, 1981; Krutskikh, 1984). As a result, the state of sea ice data bases remains primitive by comparison with those for meteorological information. Accordingly, this survey indicates what is required in these areas as well as the current status.
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