The Ruthwell crucifixion poem in its iconographic and liturgical contexts

Abstract

The Northumbrian vernacular crucifixion poem is integrated with the iconographic programme on the eighth-century Ruthwell Cross. The first half of the poem is related to the panels on the first broad side. These reflect Roman lenten ceremonies for the catechumenate. The poem’s stress on Christ’s divine will and human courage may reflect the rejection of monotheletism at the synod of Hatfield (679). The second half of the poem is related to and completed by the eucharistic iconography on the second broad side. It reflects the emphasis on traditio in the catechumenate, the use of the kenotic lection Phil. 2:5–11 on the sixth Sunday of Lent, and the Roman Good Friday stational procession to Santa Croce in Gerusalemme. The cross is designed to be read sunwise (OIr. dessel). The poem’s incipit is reminiscent of the prose collect for sext in the Antiphonary of Bangor.