Abstract
In order to undermine Islamic discourse and to strengthen the Western discourse, terrorism-related issues have become popular among researchers and political analysts in recent decades especially after September 11th, 2001 in the United States to the extent that many people claim that Islam and Muslims are the epitome of terrorism and violence. Hence, this article aims to investigate the roots of terrorism based on strategic and operational policies of Imam Ali against the Kharijites, as the first terrorist group claiming Islam. The main question outlined here is based as follows: what are the intellectual and practical contexts of formation of terrorist groups? The main hypothesis outlined here is as follows: Considering the strategic and operational policies of Imam Ali against the Kharijites, it is claimed that intellectual and practical contexts and roots of terrorist groups are based on targeted injection of interpretation and a deviated definition of Islamic beliefs and values.
Highlights
When globalization was recognized as an accepted phenomenon in the 1990s, some scientists claimed that it is the time to realize the technically functional failure of the nation-state and norms in dealing with distributive justice and interdependence of globalization
In order to undermine Islamic discourse and to strengthen the Western discourse, terrorism-related issues have become popular among researchers and political analysts in recent decades especially after September 11th, 2001 in the United States to the extent that many people claim that Islam and Muslims are the epitome of terrorism and violence
This article aims to investigate the roots of terrorism based on strategic and operational policies of Imam Ali against the Kharijites, as the first terrorist group claiming Islam
Summary
When globalization was recognized as an accepted phenomenon in the 1990s, some scientists claimed that it is the time to realize the technically functional failure of the nation-state and norms in dealing with distributive justice and interdependence of globalization. Vol 9, No 9; 2016 response to terrorist attacks, some governments especially Israel, the United States and South Africa, in the past, believed that they are allowed to turn to force to target terrorist databases in the host countries in self-defense The justified this by claiming the fact that such countries are inciting terrorism by sheltering the terrorist organizations or at least tolerating them. Professor Tomuschat reviewed the legal findings of scholars of international law within the framework of the French Society of International Law conducted in 2004 He concluded that, by summarizing the findings of authors, it is claimed that they all have reached a consensus concerning the fact that there is no need to abandon the accepted standards of human rights and, more importantly Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the one hand, and the European Convention on Human Rights, on the one hand to fight terrorism. In the centrality of the Middle East and Islam in the accumulation of terrorism, religious and regional variables are dependent or independent variables? we will review the Imam Alis point of view concerning the terrorism
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