Abstract
This research was conducted to study the effect of some plant growth regulators on in vitro shoots multiplication of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni). The experiments included tests of various combinations of KIN with IBA or IAA in the shoot multiplication. Results indicated that KIN at 1.0 mg. L-1 plus 0.3 mg. L-1 of IBA produced the highest number of shoots (3.5 shoots) while KIN at 1.5 mg. L-1 plus IBA at 1.0 mg. L-1 produced the lowest shoot length (1.14 cm). Hormone free medium produced the highest rate of the leaves number reached 28.56 leaves. KIN and IBA interaction increased fresh and dry weight significantly. Treatment contained 2.0 mg -1 KIN plus 0.3 mg. L-1 IBA produced the highest fresh weight (1.739 g) while 0.5 mg. L-1 KIN and 0.3 mg. L-1 IBA produced the highest dry weight (0.822 g). As for the effect of interaction between the IAA and KIN it was significant in the number of shoots formed. Interaction between 1.0 mg. L-1 KIN with 0.1 mg. L-1IAA produced the highest number of shoots (3.8 shoots). Shoots length reached 8.10 cm in the media with 0.3 mg. L-1 IAA only. The highest fresh weight (1.267 g) was achieved with the interaction between 1.0 mg. L-1 KIN and 0.3 mg. L-1 IAA while 0.5 mg. L-1IAA without KIN produced the highest dry weight reached 0.138 g. Shoots multiplication was improved by incorporation of the cytokinin TDZ in culture media. Shoots number, fresh and dry weights were increased significantly by adding 0.05 mg. L-1 of TDZ at present of 0.3 mg. L-1 of IBA giving 6.6 shoots, 0.974 g and 0.144 g respectively while shoots length decreased significantly as media without TDZ produced the highest shoots length reached 9.32 cm. The above results can adopt for the successful in vitro shoot multiplication of Stevia plants.
Highlights
Vigna radiate is one of the important seed legumes grown in tropical and subtropical regions
Farmers suffer from low yields of Mungbean, especially in the summer. This may be due to severe environmental conditions such as drought, low soil fertility or low nitrogen fixation by indigenous rhizobial bacteria, which play a role in supplying plants with optimal nitrogen through the symbiotic relationship (26)
The symbiotic relationship between Rhizobia and legumes has a significant impact in the success of leguminous crops cultivation of and was found that these bacteria have the potential to convert nearly 20 million tons of N2 to NH3, 50-70% of the world's bio-fixed nitrogen, and the high bio-fixed nitrogen can determine the success of the symbiotic relationship between Rhizobia and legumes (20).The arid and semiarid regions of the world suffer from a lack number of indigenous rhizobia in the soil with poor efficiency of nodulation and nitrogen fixation(2)
Summary
Vigna radiate is one of the important seed legumes grown in tropical and subtropical regions. Farmers suffer from low yields of Mungbean, especially in the summer This may be due to severe environmental conditions such as drought, low soil fertility or low nitrogen fixation by indigenous rhizobial bacteria, which play a role in supplying plants with optimal nitrogen through the symbiotic relationship (26). Biofertilizer can defined as a solid or liquid substance containing beneficial organisms that is added with seeds, or to soil or plant seedlings in order to improve plant growth and increasing its yield by supplying the plant with nutrients ,hormones and siderophores or by increase the nutrients absorption efficiency, resistance to adverse environment conditions and diseases, and for clean environment and sustainable agriculture. The treatment of legume seeds with bio-fertilizer containing root nodules bacteria is economically necessary of whether it relates to soil fertility and productivity or yield.The objective of this study was to test the effect of bio-fertilizer prepared from Bradyrhizobium sp. Which was diagnosed according to protocol including morphological, microscopical, biochemical and molecular methods on growth and yield of mungbean
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