Abstract
Neutrophils are the largest population of circulating leukocytes and the first responder against invading pathogens or other danger signals. Sophisticated machineries help them play critical roles in immunity and inflammation, including phagocytosis, superoxide production, cytokine and chemokine production, degranulation, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). After maturation and release from the bone marrow, neutrophils migrate to inflamed tissues in response to many stimuli. Increasing evidences indicate that neutrophils are critically involved in the pathogenesis of liver diseases, including liver cancer, thus making them promising target for the treatment of liver diseases. Here, we would like to provide the latest finding about the role of neutrophils in liver diseases and discuss the potentiality of neutrophils as target for liver diseases.
Highlights
Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells in mammals, representing the first line of innate defense against invading pathogens or other foreign bodies
Hepatic infiltration of neutrophils is a common feature of most types of liver diseases
While they mainly function against invading pathogens and remove debris and dead cells, they can induce and aggravate hepatocyte injury and promote the progression of liver diseases by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), degranulation, inflammation mediators, and/or shaping immunity
Summary
Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells in mammals, representing the first line of innate defense against invading pathogens or other foreign bodies. In mouse models of acute and chronic liver injury, TLR2 and the S100A8–S100A9 signaling pathway act as key regulators of hepatic CXCL2 and TNF expression and subsequent neutrophil infiltration [23]. The neutrophils-derived MMP9 can promote recruitment and MPO activation of neutrophils [28], which form a positive loop to exacerbate the IR injury (IRI).
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