The Roles of Arabidopsis C1-2i Subclass of C2H2-type Zinc-Finger Transcription Factors.

Daping Gong,Minmin Xie,Yingzhen Kong,Jinhao Sun

doi:10.3390/genes10090653

Abstract

The Cys2His2 (C2H2)-type zinc-finger protein (ZFP) family, which includes 176 members in Arabidopsis thaliana, is one of the largest families of putative transcription factors in plants. Of the Arabidopsis ZFP members, only 33 members are conserved in other eukaryotes, with 143 considered to be plant specific. C2H2-type ZFPs have been extensively studied and have been shown to play important roles in plant development and environmental stress responses by transcriptional regulation. The ethylene-responsive element binding-factor-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) domain (GCC box) has been found to have a critical role in the tolerance response to abiotic stress. Many of the plant ZFPs containing the EAR domain, such as AZF1/2/3, ZAT7, ZAT10, and ZAT12, have been shown to function as transcriptional repressors. In this review, we mainly focus on the C1-2i subclass of C2H2 ZFPs and summarize the latest research into their roles in various stress responses. The role of C2H2-type ZFPs in response to the abiotic and biotic stress signaling network is not well explained, and amongst them, C1-2i is one of the better-characterized classifications in response to environmental stresses. These studies of the C1-2i subclass ought to furnish the basis for future studies to discover the pathways and receptors concerned in stress defense. Research has implied possible protein-protein interactions between members of C1-2i under various stresses, for which we have proposed a hypothetical model.

Highlights

TheisA1 subset is into four subclasses: A1a, A1b, A1c, and A1d, whereas the C1 subset is categorized into five subclasses, categorized into four subclasses: A1a, A1b, A1c, and A1d, whereas the C1 subset is categorized into namely C1-1i, C1-2i, C1-3i, C1-4i, and C1-5i. 1i indicates one zinc finger, 2i is two zinc fingers, 3i is five subclasses, namely C1-1i, C1-2i, C1-3i, C1-4i, and C1-5i. 1i indicates one zinc finger, 2i is two zinc three zinc fingers, 4i is four zinc fingers, and 5i is five zinc fingers
The findings indicated that the element binding-factor-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif of ZAT7 plays an important role in response to abiotic stress in Arabidopsis
There are three classes of kinases which highly conserved in eukaryotes, namely Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), MAPK kinase, and MAPK kinase kinase

Summary

Classification of Zinc-Finger Proteins

Zinc-finger proteins (ZFPs) constitute large protein families, which play important roles in plant development and response to environmental stresses. ZFP is composed of an α-helix and an antiparallel β-structure, which contains two Cys and two. His residues that hold one zinc ion. According to the zinc-finger number of processes of development and stress responses. C1 subset is categorized into five subclasses: C1-1i, consisting of domains, the C1 subset is categorized into five subclasses: C1-1i, consisting of 33 members with one members with one domain in Arabidopsis; C1-2i, with members (two domains); C1-3i, domain in Arabidopsis; C1-2i, with 20 members (two domains); C1-3i, consisting of eight members consisting of eight members (three domains); with two members (four domains); and C1-5i, C1-4i, with two members (fourC1-4i, domains); and C1-5i, consisting of one member (five consisting of one member (five domains) Among these subclasses, the members the domains) (Figure 1) [2].

Zinc-finger assign genes genes into into different subfamilies in Arabidopsis

C1-1i Subclass

C1-2i Subclass

Other ZFPs of the C1-2i Family

Conclusions