Abstract
BackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common disease during pregnancy. The association of vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms with GDM is still controversial. This study aimed to assess the associations between VDR polymorphisms and GDM risk.MethodsWe searched Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase electronic database for all eligible studies published from Jan 1, 1980 to December 31, 2020 to conduct a Meta-analysis. We analyzed four VDR polymorphisms: BsmI (rs1544410), ApaI (rs7975232), TaqI (rs731236), and FokI (rs2228570). Inclusion Criteria: (1) The data can be evaluated; (2) case–control study; and (3) meeting the Hardy–Weinberg’s law. Exclusion criteria: (1) Insufficient or extractable data; (2) Severe publication bias in the data; and (3) duplicate publications. We eventually included 15 studies in seven articles, including 2207 cases and 2706 controls.ResultsWe eventually included 15 studies in seven articles, including 2207 cases and 2706 controls. The data showed that ApaI (rs7975232) VDR gene polymorphism was related with the risk of GDM for the comparison of CC vs AA and recessive model in overall population and FokI (rs2228570) VDR gene polymorphism was associated with the risk of GDM for recessive model in overall population. BsmI (rs1544410) polymorphism was not related with the risk of GDM in overall population. However, in the analysis of subgroups grouped by race, BsmI (rs1544410) has certain correlations. And, the data suggested the TaqI (rs731236) polymorphism was not associated with GDM.ConclusionBased on the meta-analysis, VDR ApaI (rs7975232) and FokI (rs2228570) polymorphisms increase susceptibility to GDM. In the future, it can be used to diagnose and screen molecular biomarkers for GDM patients.
Highlights
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common disease during pregnancy
ApaI The results showed that in the total population of CC vs AA and the recessive model, ApaI was associated with a higher GDM risk (CC vs AA: Odds ratio (OR) = 1.974, 95% Confidence interval (CI) 1.276–3.054, P = 0.002, Fig. 3; CC vs AA + CA: OR = 1.548, 95% CI 1.080–2.217, P = 0.017, Fig. 4)
FokI The results showed that in the recessive model, FokI was associated with a higher GDM risk in overall population (TT vs CC + CT: OR = 1.454, 95% CI 1.037–2.040, P = 0.030, Fig. 5)
Summary
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common disease during pregnancy. The association of vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms with GDM is still controversial. This study aimed to assess the associations between VDR polymorphisms and GDM risk. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance diagnosed during pregnancy [1]. GDM is characterized by increased insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and obesity [2,3,4]. The prevalence of GDM is increasing in decades and floating from 1.7 to 11.6% among populations [5]. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with diabetes mellitus [6,7,8]. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms may contribute to development of diabetes mellitus through calcium metabolism alteration and modulation of insulin secretion [9,10,11].
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