Abstract
The data on the genetic and spatial subdivision of populations of synanthropic species of small mammals, their dependence on the intensity with the territories of distant-pasture cattle tending are presented, and some patterns of indicators of ectoparasite infestation of their communities are revealed. The factor determining the genetic and spatial differentiation of populations of small mammals can be attributed to the relationship of small mammals with ungulates that has long historical roots (Neogene, Anthropogen). At present, these relations have been preserved with domestic ungulates, which, along with physical and geographical ones, determine the genetic and biotopic differentiation of populations of small mammals. The assumption is made about the deep historical roots of the establishment of such relationships by pasture ungulate animals from the neogene and pleistocene.
Highlights
The purpose of our work is to analyze the mechanisms of achieving ecological specialization that accompanies adaptation to transformed ecosystems, to establish the mechanisms of formation of spatial and genetic subdivision of populations and the epizootological role of synanthropic species of small mammals in the conditions of traditional distant-pasture cattle tending
Many species of small mammals of such families as Insectivora, Chiroptera, Lagomorpha, the family Ochotonidae, Rodentia and Chiroptera are associated with the territories of intensive development of distantpasture cattle tending
The work was carried out from 2012 to 2021 in order to test the hypothesis about the role of spatial heterogeneity of the landscape, physical barriers, as well as demographic processes in the formation and dynamics of the genetic and spatial structure of populations of synanthropic / semi-synanthropic species of small mammals in Tuva, determining the epizootic situation
Summary
The purpose of our work is to analyze the mechanisms of achieving ecological specialization that accompanies adaptation to transformed ecosystems, to establish the mechanisms of formation of spatial and genetic subdivision of populations and the epizootological role of synanthropic species of small mammals in the conditions of traditional distant-pasture cattle tending. The spatial organization of settlements of steppe species, which, in combination with biotopic confinement, causes the effect of isolation pressure by distance on the differentiation process is almost the same as due to a complete violation of panmixia with complete isolation of local populations. The observed high rates of intrapopulation genetic and morphological variability in populations of synanthropic small mammal species with the biotopic subdivision of transformed ecosystems (seasonal pastures, outbuildings in camps, such as goats, etc.)
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