Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved tremendous success within just a decade. This success is critically dependent upon compositional engineering, morphology control of perovskite layer, or contingent upon high-temperature annealed mesoporous TiO2, but quantitative analysis of the role of facile TiCl4 treatment and thickness control of the compact TiO2 layer has not been satisfactorily undertaken. Herein, we report the facile thickness control and post-treatment of the electron transport TiO2 layer to produce highly efficient planar PSCs. TiCl4 treatment of TiO2 layer could remove the surface trap and decrease the charge recombination in the prepared solar cells. Introduction of ethanol into the TiCl4 aqueous solution led to further improved open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current density of the related devices, thus giving rise to enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE). After the optimal TiCl4 treatment, PCE of 16.42% was achieved for PSCs with TiCl4 aqueous solution-treated TiO2 and 19.24% for PSCs with TiCl4 aqueous/ethanol solution-treated TiO2, respectively. This work sheds light on the promising potential of simple planar PSCs without complicated compositional engineering and avoiding the deposition and optimization of the mesoporous scaffold layer.
Highlights
Perovskite materials have attracted attention due to the unprecedented success of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) [1,2,3], as well as other optoelectronic applications, including light-emitting diodes (LEDs) [4], laser diodes [5] and photodetectors [6], etc
A simple device architecture-planar perovskite solar cell (PSC) based on the methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3 ) perovskite acting as a light harvester and TiO2 acting as an electron transport layer (ETL) is employed
It was found that the ethanol in the recipe of TiCl4 solution could efficiently inhibit the agglomeration of TiO2 nanoparticles and control the surface roughness and pore size of TiO2 film
Summary
Perovskite materials have attracted attention due to the unprecedented success of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) [1,2,3], as well as other optoelectronic applications, including light-emitting diodes (LEDs) [4], laser diodes [5] and photodetectors [6], etc. It has, been argued that the extent to which the device performance improves is complicated by the effect that TiCl4 treatment has on the TiO2 conduction band edge position, charge injection, transport, and recombination [21,22,23]. The effects of varying the TiCl4 -treatment conditions in terms of the concentration on the TiO2 film morphology, light-harvesting, and performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been explored [27,28,29]. A simple device architecture-planar perovskite solar cell (PSC) based on the methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3 ) perovskite acting as a light harvester and TiO2 acting as an electron transport layer (ETL) is employed. In the present study, efficient PSCs were successfully fabricated and the roles of facile thickness control and surface modification quantitatively characterized
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