Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) has long been known to regulate many aspects of neural development in many different species. However, the role of the ECM in the development of the human neocortex is not yet fully understood. In this review we discuss the role of the ECM in human neocortex development and the different model systems that can be used to investigate this. In particular, we will focus on how the ECM regulates human neural stem and progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation, how the ECM regulates the architecture of the developing human neocortex and the effect of mutations in ECM and ECM-associated genes in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Highlights
The human brain has long been known to contain a large amount of extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM-associated molecules (Sanes, 1983, 1989)
Much of this data has been generated in animal models and it remains unclear how much can be extrapolated to human neocortex development
ECM and ECM receptors have long been known to regulate the behaviour of neural progenitor cells (NPCs; Loulier et al, 2009; Radakovits et al, 2009; Fietz et al, 2010; Barros et al, 2011; Long et al, 2016; Long and Huttner, 2019; Amin and Borrell, 2020)
Summary
Extracellular matrix (ECM) has long been known to regulate many aspects of neural development in many different species. The role of the ECM in the development of the human neocortex is not yet fully understood. In this review we discuss the role of the ECM in human neocortex development and the different model systems that can be used to investigate this. We will focus on how the ECM regulates human neural stem and progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation, how the ECM regulates the architecture of the developing human neocortex and the effect of mutations in ECM and ECM-associated genes in neurodevelopmental disorders
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