Abstract
To investigate the role of the exogenous supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the expression of Bax and Bcl2L1 genes in intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (IR) in rats. The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial with a blinded assessment of the outcome. Eighteen adult male Wistar-EPM1 rats were housed under controlled temperature and light conditions (22-23°C, 12 h light/dark cycle). The animals were randomly divided into 3 groups: 1. Sham group (SG): no clamping of the superior mesenteric artery; 2. Ischemia and reperfusion group (IRG): 3. Ischemia and reperfusion plus ATP (IRG + ATP). ATP was injected in the femoral vein before and after ischemia. Afterwards, intestinal segments were appropriately removed and processed for Endothelial Cell Biology Rat RT2 Profiler PCR Array. ATP promoted the upregulation of Bcl2L1 gene expression, whereas it did not have significant effects on Bax gene expression. In addition, the relation of Bax/Bcl2L1 gene expression in the IRG group was 1.39, whereas it was 0.43 in the IRG + ATP group. Bcl2L1 plays a crucial role in protecting against intestinal apoptosis after ischemia and reperfusion. Increased Bcl2L1 expression can inhibit apoptosis while decreased Bcl2L1 expression can trigger apoptosis. Adenosine triphosphate was associated with antiapoptotic effects on the rat intestine ischemia and reperfusion by upregulating of Bcl2L1 gene expression.
Highlights
Intestinal ischemia / reperfusion (IR) is a serious event that occurs in several situations such as abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery, small intestine transplantation, liver transplantation, strangulated hernia, hemorrhagic shock, neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, extracorporeal circulation and because of collapse of systemic circulation, as in hypovolemic and septic shock[1].Restoration of blood flow to an ischemic organ is essential to prevent irreversible cell damage
The role of the exogenous supply of adenosine triphosphate in the expression of Bax and Bcl2L1 genes in intestinal ischemia and reperfusion in rats Fagundes DJ et al The animals were randomly distributed into 3 groups (6 rats/group): 1. Sham group (SG): no clamping of the superior mesenteric artery; 2
A significant upregulation (p < 0.05) of Bcl2L1 was observed in Ischemia and reperfusion group (IRG) + adenosine triphosphate (ATP), whereas ATP did not have significant effects on Bax expression (Table 1)
Summary
Restoration of blood flow to an ischemic organ is essential to prevent irreversible cell damage. The degree of damage associated with ischemia in different tissues depends on its duration, and many of the lesions are developed during the reoxygenation stage due to tissue reperfusion[2,3,4]. The histological changes induced by 3 hours of intestinal ischemia, followed by one hour of reperfusion, are more severe than those induced by 4 hours of intestinal ischemia[5]. Once the glycogen reserve is consumed, ATP depletion occurs, and depending on the severity of the IR injury, cell damage can lead to cell death due to necrosis or apoptosis with consequent dysfunction or absence of organic function[7]. Adenosine triphosphate plays a key role in the sequence of deleterious events of ischemia and reperfusion
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