Abstract
The present work is a follow‐up to previously reported [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 122, 2981(A) (2007)] laboratory measurements of both the horizontal and vertical frequency‐dependent directivity of the mating calls of tungara frogs, Physalaemus pustulosus. Band‐limited directivities are significantly greater than broadband directivities, with a maximum directivity of 20 dB in the vertical plane for harmonics near 6 kHz. This result is unexpected given that female frogs, the intended receivers of this call, are on the horizontal plane rather than on the vertical plane where unintended receivers (predators and parasites) reside. New numerical finite element modeling of the radiation, including the effects of the environment, will be reported. Tungara frogs only call while partially submerged in water. Modeling results indicate that the reflecting boundary provided by a finite‐sized air‐water interface dominates the radiation, and results in the observed directivity. There is comparatively little directivity depen...
Published Version
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