The Role of Robotics in Enhancing Precision and Outcomes in Orthopedic Surgery

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The advent of robotics has significantly transformed orthopedic surgery, addressing challenges inherent in traditional manual techniques, such as variability in outcomes and precision limitations. Robotics enables millimeter-level accuracy, minimizes human error, and allows for personalized, minimally invasive procedures. Historical milestones, from the pioneering ROBODOC system in 1992 to advanced platforms like MAKO and ROSA, illustrate the progressive adoption of robotic systems, particularly in joint replacement and spine surgeries. Comparative studies demonstrate enhanced precision and reduced recovery times for robotic-assisted surgeries compared to conventional methods, with quantifiable improvements in alignment accuracy and postoperative outcomes. Key applications include joint arthroplasties, spinal surgeries, and complex trauma cases, where robotic assistance ensures accurate implant positioning, improved functional outcomes, and higher patient satisfaction rates. However, barriers such as cost, access disparities, and the learning curve persist. Emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence, augmented reality, and haptic feedback, are anticipated to further enhance robotic precision and broaden accessibility. As robotic systems become integral to orthopedic practice, ongoing advancements promise to elevate surgical standards, offering reliable, patient-specific solutions that improve both procedural consistency and quality of life.