The Role of Probiotic in Oral Biofilm

Abstract

Dental plaque, a biofilm composed of various bacterial colonies, exists on the tooth surface. The balance of the surrounding environment is disrupted through a change in the composition of the bacterial community when homestasis of dental plaque is disrupted. Probiotics refers to microorganisms that confer health benefits to hosts when administered in adequate amounts. Probiotics can release bioactive substances that can inhibit the growth and biofilm formation of pathogenic microorganisms such as Streptococcus mutans. Probiotics ability to integrate into dental biofilm is not yet clarified. The aim of this trial was to detect probiotic bacteria from probiotics in dental biofilm and saliva during and after intake. The article was conducted of PubMed database and were limited to period January 2019 to November 2023 with combination of the following keywords: “role” and “probiotic” and “oral” and “biofilm”. The results obtained were 41 articles found at the beginning of the search in pubmed databases, and the 7 full text articles were selected for further review and discussion The potential inhibitory activity probiotic strains on the growth of S. mutans were Lactococcus lactis, L. salivarius, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus reuteri. The other probiotic, W. cibaria and B. lactis HN019 are a beneficial oral probiotic that improves oral health. The mechanism of action of probiotics in oral health is an imbalance in the composition of the microbiota, known as dysbiosis. This dysbiosis is associated with increased permeability and disruption of the epithelial barrier, leading to inflammation and chronic inflammatory pathologies.