Abstract
The posterior pallial amygdala (PoA) is located on the basolateral caudal telencephalon, including the basal division of PoA (PoAb) and the compact division of PoA (PoAc). PoA plays a vital role in emotion regulation and is considered a part of the amygdala in birds. However, the regulatory functions responsible for motor behaviors and emotions between PoAb and PoAc are poorly understood. Therefore, we studied the structure and function of PoA by tract-tracing methods, constant current electrical stimulation, and different dopamine receptor drug injections in pigeons (Columba livia domestica). PoAb connects reciprocally with two nuclear groups in the cerebrum: 1) a continuum comprising the temporo–parieto–occipitalis, corticoidea dorsolateralis, hippocampus, and parahippocampalis areas and 2) rostral areas of the hemisphere, including the nucleus septalis lateralis and nucleus taeniae amygdalae. Extratelencephalic projections of PoAb terminate in the lateral hypothalamic nucleus and are scattered in many limbic midbrain regions. PoAb and PoAc mainly mediated the turning movement. In the ‘open-field’ test, D1 agonist and D2 antagonist could significantly reduce the latency period for entering into the central area and increase the residence time in the central area, whereas D1 antagonist and D2 agonist had the opposite effect. PoAb and PoAc are important brain areas that mediate turning behavior.
Highlights
The posterior pallial amygdala (PoA) is located on the basolateral caudal telencephalon, including the basal division of PoA (PoAb) and the compact division of PoA (PoAc)
After the Avian Brain Nomenclature Forum held at Duke University in July 2002, the Forum renamed most of the structures in the archistriatum that shared premotor characteristics to arcopallium, and for the remaining parts of the archistriatum that were assumed to constitute the amygdala, the Forum appended amygdala to their names to distinguish them from the arcopallial nuclei[1]
The center of the injection site of the right PoAb was placed at A 6.25, L 7.6, and D 6.8 according to the atlas of Pigeon[11], and the diffusion of the tracer was mostly restricted within PoAb (Fig. 1b,c)
Summary
The posterior pallial amygdala (PoA) is located on the basolateral caudal telencephalon, including the basal division of PoA (PoAb) and the compact division of PoA (PoAc). We studied the structure and function of PoA by tract-tracing methods, constant current electrical stimulation, and different dopamine receptor drug injections in pigeons (Columba livia domestica). Electrical stimulation of the BLA induces active avoidance behavior due to fear in r ats[10], while the roles of PoAb and PoAc in mediating motor behaviors of birds remains unknown. These issues will be discussed in the present study. We further studied whether PoAc mediated motor behaviors through emotions by microinjection different dopamine D1 and D2 receptor agonists and antagonists
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