The role of philanthropy in financing climate change mitigation and adaptation in Canada: A systematic literature review

Abstract

ABSTRACT This review examines the role of philanthropy, particularly community philanthropy and community foundations, in financing climate change mitigation and adaptation in Canada. Despite the increasing impact of climate change on the nation and the transition to a greener economy, a noticeable gap exists in comprehensive studies addressing philanthropy’s role in addressing climate change impacts and action, particularly at the community level. The review systematically analyzes prior research on philanthropy’s contribution to funding climate change initiatives in Canada, focusing on community-based efforts. It evaluates existing knowledge, identifies common themes, and addresses limitations in the literature to inform future research. The review reveals that while climate-related investment opportunities are rising due to growing demand and ESG considerations, philanthropic contributions to climate change in Canada remain relatively small. The review emphasizes the importance of community philanthropy and highlights supporting policy engagement, investing in local climate solutions, and addressing environmental justice through community-based efforts.