Abstract
This research aims to detect the factors that best explain the performance of regional innovation in the European Union (EU), in the year 2019, and compare the obtained results with the factors used to elucidate the performance of regional innovation in the EU during the year 2016. This comparison allowed us to identify the variations that have occurred during these 3 years. The methodology used is quantitative and served to identify the factors that clarify the performance of regional innovation in the EU in 2019. The data collected was treated in the econometric software Eviews10. Estimations used a multiple linear regression method. The attained results show that with the implementation of the Research and Innovation Strategy for Smart Specialization (RIS3), the Leader and Strong Regions benefited from its implementation. On the other hand, Moderate and Modest Regions failed to improve their innovative performance with the implementation of RIS3. On the practical contributions, it provides suggestions to the actors of the triple helix (Academy–Government–Industry) to improve the performance of innovation. Furthermore, it contributes to the theory by updating the knowledge of the existing literature with new dimensions from the 2019 RIS database. This research is original as it allows to appraise the evolution of the open innovative performance of the regions, by using comparative data from 2019 and 2016.
Highlights
IntroductionIn the past two decades, we have witnessed a strong debate on how regional development, production, and innovation policies should be [1,2]
With the application of the Stepwise forward method, three multiple linear regression models were obtained for the group of regions with Strong innovation performance, with the maximum use of three explanatory variables (Product or Process Innovators—PP_Innov, Marketing or Organization Innovators—MO_Innov, Trademark Applications—Trademark applications (Trade)); for the regions with Moderate innovation performance, two models were obtained with the maximum use of two variables
The results suggest that in the Moderate and Modest Regions there were no significant improvements regarding innovation performance. With this being the case, the results lead us to conclude that the European Union (EU) operates at two completely different speeds concerning the performance of innovation
Summary
In the past two decades, we have witnessed a strong debate on how regional development, production, and innovation policies should be [1,2]. Over the past few years, the European Union (EU) has been losing international competitiveness. When comparing EU productivity with Asia and North America, an increasingly wide disparity can be observed [3,4,5,6]. The reason for this status is because the European knowledge transfer process comprises lower stages of development when compared with the regions of Asia and North America [6]
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