Abstract
Epitranscriptomics, also known as “RNA epigenetics”, is a chemical modification for RNA regulation. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) methylation is considered to be a major discovery following the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and histone methylation. Messenger RNA (mRNA) methylation modification accounts for more than 60% of all RNA modifications and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is known as one of the most common type of eukaryotic mRNA methylation modifications in current. The m6A modification is a dynamic reversible modification, which can directly or indirectly affect biological processes, such as RNA degradation, translation and splicing, and can play important biological roles in vivo. This article introduces the mRNA m6A methylation modification enzymes and binding proteins, and reviews the research progress and related mechanisms of the role of mRNA m6A methylation in the nervous system from the aspects of neural stem cells, learning and memory, brain development, axon growth and glioblastoma.
Highlights
Epitranscriptomics, known as “Ribonucleic acid (RNA) epigenetics”, is a chemical modification for RNA regulation [1]
In summary, the Messenger RNA (mRNA) methylation is an important epitranscriptomic modification and the m6A is highly expressed in the brain
The mRNA m 6A methylation has a wide range of effects on the nervous system, and plays an important part in self-renewal of neural stem cells, learning memory, brain development, synaptic growth and proliferation of glioma cells
Summary
Epitranscriptomics, known as “RNA epigenetics”, is a chemical modification for RNA regulation [1]. With the deep research of epitranscriptomics, the researchers found methylation modification on mRNA, which is involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression [2–4]. The mRNA is a type of RNA with genetic information synthesized by DNA transcription, which acts as a template in protein synthesis and determines the amino acid sequence of the peptide chain [5]. It is an important RNA in the human body. Methylation influences heavy metal modification, regulation of gene expression,
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