The Role of Media in Peaceful Resolution of Civil Wars: The Case of Tajikistan from the Point of Peace Communication

Abstract

The role of the media in conflicts has recently gained importance due to the fact that civil wars have taken place in various parts of the world. This role can either be positive or negative. Therefore, it is important to investigate how media outlets have been used during conflict situations in countries where civil wars have occurred. In light of the background information regarding Northern Ireland, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Ruanda and Sierra Leone, the case of Tajikistan civil war was explored in this study from a peace communication perspective. Content analysis, interviews and document analysis techniques were used to collect data. In particular, newspaper coverage, brochures, and radio broadcasts during the civil war were analyzed. The results show that the Tajikistan civil war started in the context of weak socio-political climate, visible influence of foreign countries, and a loss of long-exercised control over media through the state apparatus. Before the war media caused increasing tension in the society but the role of media has changed during the peace talks. Significant work has been done to end the civil war in Tajikistan in terms of all aspects of peace communication. The media generally played a vital role in promoting peace among people and encouraging the fighting parties to reach a consensus. In general, both the pro-government and pro-opposition media acted toward the direction of making peace. In particular, the pro-government newspapers Jumhuriyat and Sadoi Mardum reflected a peaceful view on behalf of the official government. The radio program Khoki Vatan (Homeland), which was created and broadcasted by the Radio of Tajikistan, also played a major role in promoting peace.