The role of lipid peroxidation products in the development of iron deficiency anemia in cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women of the first trimester

Abstract

Aim. To establish the role of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products in the development of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women of the first trimester during exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection. Materials and methods . A prospective case-control study included 60 women in the first trimester of pregnancy (8-12 weeks), of which 35 were cytomegalovirus-positive with mild iron deficiency anemia (main group) and 25 - cytomegalovirus-seronegative (control group). Antibodies of IgM and IgG to CMV, low avid IgG (avidity index), and serum ferritin concentration were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In order to assess the intensity of LPO processes in blood serum spectrophoto-metric method was used to measure the levels of molecular products of oxidation: diene conjugates and active products of thiobarbituric acid. The concentration of arachidonic acid in blood serum was analyzed by means of the method of capillary gas-liquid chromatography. The concentration of total hemoglobin in red blood cells was measured by photometry. The study of iron metabolism included: evaluation of serum iron by spectrophotometric method, the total iron binding capacity of serum using commercial kits of the company “Lachema” (Czech Republic), transferrin saturation coefficient by means of calculation method. Results . Activation of LPO processes was noted in women of the main group, as evidenced by an increase in the concentration of diene conjugates by 1.54 times (p<0.001), active products of thiobarbituric acid by 2.4 times (p<0.001) and arachidonic acid by 1.3 times (p<0.001) compared with similar indicators of the control group. It has been found that hemoglobin levels were reduced by 1.2 times (p<0.001), serum iron and ferritin, respectively, by 1.4 (p<0.001) and 2 times (p<0.001), in the setting of an increase in the total iron binding capacity of serum while reducing the coefficient of iron saturation with transferrin. Conclusion . The data obtained indicate the important role of LPO products in the pathogenesis of iron deficiency anemia during exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection in the first trimester of gestation.