The Role of Heme Oxygenase-1 in the Proliferation and Odontoblastic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Cells

Abstract

Introduction It was recently reported that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) activity is related to stem cell differentiation; however, the involvement of HO-1 in pulp cell growth and differentiation has not been well explored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of HO-1 in the growth and differentiation of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). Methods We evaluated cell growth by MTT assay, mineralization by alizarin red staining, and differentiation marker mRNA expression by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results HO-1 induction by cobaltic protoporphyrin IX (CoPP) in HDPCs increased cell growth and mineralization and up-regulated the messenger RNA expression of such odontoblastic markers as alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, dentin matrix protein-1, and dentin sialophosphoprotein. Carbon monoxide scavenger, iron chelator, HO-1 inhibitor, and HO-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) attenuated HDPC growth and differentiation. Conclusions CoPP treatment results in dental pulp cell proliferation and odontoblast differentiation that appears partly mediated by HO-1. Our results suggest that odontoblastic differentiation and growth are positively regulated by HO-1 induction and negatively regulated by HO-1 inhibition. Thus, pharmacologic HO-1 induction might represent a potent therapeutic approach for pulp capping and the regeneration of HDPCs.