Abstract
A greenhouse experiment was carried out during 2017 and 2018 summer seasons at Desert Research Center farm, Ras Sudr, South Sinai. The aim of the experiments was to investigate the effect of different rootstocks and citric acid foliar spray on growth, yield and its components and net income as well as net income diffraction percentage and mineral composition of cucumber plant Safi (F1) hybrid. The foliar spray of citric acid was four concentrations (0, 200, 300 and 400 ppm) and the grafting treatments were check nongrafted, Safi (F1) grafted onto Shentoza or on Coplt rootstocks (Cucurbita moschata Duch.). Strip plot design was used where main plots were assigned for foliar spray and sub plots for grafting. Results showed that grafting increased plant growth, yield and its components, marketable yield, net income and net income diffraction percentage. The increasing was differing according to rootstock source. Grafting, also, increased leaf chlorophyll and fruit potassium and calcium content while sodium content was decreased. The highest values of all measured parameters were obtained, in general, with cucumber plants grafted onto Shentoza rootstock. As for citric acid effects, results indicated that its application increased all parameters except sodium content; the highest values were obtained with cucumber plants sprayed with citric acid at rate 400 ppm. As for the combination between grafting technic and citric acid concentration, the best growth and highest yield and its components were obtained with the cucumber plants grafted onto Shentoza rootstock combined with the highest concentration of citric acid. Also, leaf chlorophyll and potassium of fruits recorded the highest increases, whereas fruit calcium and sodium were not significantly affected
Highlights
Cereals constitute one of the most intensely produced and consumed food products in the world
The present study was conducted to evaluate the toxicity of chlopyrifos-methyl, primiphos- methyl and cyfluthrin against S. oryzae and T. castaneum adults, as well as to determine the residue half-life (RL50) values of the three insecticides mentioned above on wheat grain and to deduce the withholding periods needed post-harvest treatment based on RL50
Data recorded in Table (1) showed that, insecticides can be arranged in the following descending order: chlorpyrifosemethyl > pirimiphose-methyl > cyfluthrin against T. castaneum
Summary
Cereals constitute one of the most intensely produced and consumed food products in the world They are an important global product and an important part of the human diet as source of energy and high contents of essential fatty acids, nutritious protein, and dietary fiber; cereals supply important minerals, vitamins, and other micronutrients that are essential for the maintenance of optimal health (Rezaei et al, 2017). There are more than 1100 pesticides currently registered on the status list of all active pesticide substances in the European Union (EU) market. Their risk to human health led to recognition of safety standards, including the allowed Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) of pesticide residues in food products. The organophosphate chlorpyrifos-methyl is commonly used as grain protectant since the 1960s (Samson et al, 1989; Daglish, 1993; Arthur, 1996)
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