Abstract
Based on a corpus of 112,000 words of spoken discourse, this paper examines the use in natural conversation of ‘factive’ predicates (Kiparsky and Kiparsky, 1968). It is suggested that factive predicates operate as indexical symbols (Jakobson, 1971) to encode both a semantic, referential meaning or proposition, as well as to index pragmatically an epistemic stance on the part of the speaker. The role of factive predicates in the constitution of the indexical ground of discourse (Bauman and Briggs, 1990) is also considered. Following Chafe (1994) another, more dynamic model of speaker is presented here, which takes into consideration the multiple footings (Goffman, 1981), or perspectives, which speakers adopt in discourse, regardless of speaker's logical knowledge state. This model not only offers an explanation for the use of factive constructions in irrealis discourse contexts (where previous discussions suggested that factive predicates ‘lose their factivity’), but also explains why factive constructions index an inherent duality of stance.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
