Abstract
An increasing number of studies has confirmed that many cells can secrete vesicles or exosomes in eukaryotes, which contain important nucleic acids, proteins and lipids and play important roles in cell communication and tumor metastasis. This paper summarizes the comprehensive function of exosomal non-coding RNAs. Although some studies have shown that exosomes mediate tumor signal transduction, the functional mechanism of the tumor metastasis remains to be elucidated. In this paper, we reviewed the role of exosomal non-coding RNAs in mediating cancer metastasis in the tumor microenvironment to provide new ideas for the study of tumor pathophysiology.
Highlights
Tumor metastasis is the main cause of cancer death [1,2,3,4,5,6]
We have summarized various exosomal non-coding RNAs that play key roles in tumor metastasis
This review provides a detailed description of the function of exosomal non-coding RNA (ncRNA), which will offer new insights and provide novel therapeutic approaches in malignant tumor metastasis
Summary
Tumor metastasis is the main cause of cancer death [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Metastasis is a multiple-level process that includes tumor cell transit through the basement membrane into the vasculature, survival in the circulation system, gradual outward invasion, and colonization to distant organs, dissemination of cancer cells and adaptation to the microenvironment to promote cancer development [7,8,9,10,11,12]. Recent studies have shown that exosomal miR-122 can be found in breast cancer cells, which can inhibit the proliferation of primary tumor and increase the effectiveness of nutrients of the precancerous metastasis niche, thereby inducing cancer metastasis. Studies have shown that the occurrence and development of breast cancer are closely related to miR-134 and that the expression level of miR-134 can reduce STAT5B, Hsp90, and Bcl-2 to reduce cell proliferation and promote apoptosis by cisplatin [71].
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