Role of Exosomal Non-coding RNAs in Gastric Cancer: Biological Functions and Potential Clinical Applications.

Feng Hu,Yanfang Jiang,Jixuan Liu,Min Rao,Huibo Liu,Minjie Wan,Manli Zhang,Fan Li

doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.700168

Feng Hu, Yanfang Jiang + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.700168

Copy DOI

Abstract

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common fatal cancers worldwide. The communication between GC and other cells in the GC microenvironment directly affects GC progression. Recently, exosomes have been revealed as new players in intercellular communication. They play an important role in human health and diseases, including cancer, owing to their ability to carry various bioactive molecules, including non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). NcRNAs, including micro RNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, play a significant role in various pathophysiological processes, especially cancer. Increasing evidence has shown that exosomal ncRNAs are involved in the regulation of tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, immune regulation, and treatment resistance in GC. In addition, exosomal ncRNAs have promising potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers for GC. Considering the biocompatibility of exosomes, they can also be used as biological carriers for targeted therapy. This review summarizes the current research progress on exosomal ncRNAs in gastric cancer, focusing on their biological role in GC and their potential as new biomarkers for GC and therapeutics. Our review provides insight into the mechanisms involved in GC progression, which may provide a new point cut for the discovery of new diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies.

Highlights

Gastric cancer (GC), one of the most common fatal cancers, is the fifth most commonly diagnosed tumor and the fourth most common tumor-related cause of death worldwide
An increasing number of studies have revealed that exosomal noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a monumental role in cell communication in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and possess as well as possessing the remarkable function of regulating the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, immune regulation, and chemical resistance of GC, as well as other biological functions
Exosomal ncrnas are promising non-invasive biomarkers, which can be used for the diagnosis and prognosis monitoring of GC patients, owing to the stable nature of exosomes and their presence in almost all types of human biological fluids

Summary

Introduction

Gastric cancer (GC), one of the most common fatal cancers, is the fifth most commonly diagnosed tumor and the fourth most common tumor-related cause of death worldwide. MiR-1290 could be transported by exosomes derived from GC cells to the surrounding cells to promote tumor proliferation, migration, and invasion by directly targeting NKD1, an important negative regulator in GC [61]. MiR-155-5p was delivered to GC cells by exosomes to promote their proliferation and migration by targeting TP53INP1 (a tumor suppressor gene) [62].

Results

Conclusion