Abstract
This article takes as its starting point the early observation that describes the vastness of the research corpus on the cultural history of Indonesia. The vastness of this corpus is, among other things, contributed to by the writings of Western scholars. Among those that are considered classics and frequently used as important references are De Hindoe- Javaansche Tijd by N.J. Krom (1950), Nusantara: A History of Indonesia by Bernard H.M. Vlekke (1959), and Indonesia: Trade and Society by J.C. Van Leur (1955). Initial readings find that these Western scholars’ writings often raise the question of the role and contribution of Hinduism and Islam in Indonesia. This draws attention to their views and standpoint as Westerners on the history of Indonesian culture, especially in the context of comparison between Hinduism and Islam. This article is written with the purpose of discussing the role and contribution of Islam and Hinduism in the history of Indonesia according to the perspective of three Western scholars, namely N.J. Krom, Bernard H.M. Vlekke and J.C. Van Leur in the writings mentioned above. This discussion finds that these writings studied are more inclined to acknowledge the significance of the role and contribution of Hinduism in the history of Indonesian culture, with the presence of Islam said to have not reduced the influence of Hinduism. Keywords: cultural history, Hinduism, Indonesia, Islam
Highlights
Banyak faktor yang menjadi penyebab terjadinya migrasi Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (TKI) ke luar negeri
The ex-migrant workers have a role in the empowerment of the people economy
They work in the micro, small, medium enterprise which is the pillar of the national economy
Summary
Banyak faktor yang menjadi penyebab terjadinya migrasi Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (TKI) ke luar negeri. Masih rendahnya pendidikan TKI menyebabkan sebagian besar dari mereka bekerja di sektor informal, yaitu sebagai buruh perkebunan dan pembantu rumah tangga (Bank Indonesia, 2008). Bagi TKI yang telah kembali ke tanah air (TKI Purna), tabungan dari penghasilan selama bekerja dapat digunakan sebagai modal untuk membuka usaha di tanah air. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk memperoleh akses ke lembaga perbankan adalah mendaftarkan usaha ke kantor Balai Pelayanan Penempatan dan Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (BP3TKI) di Mataram. Dengan penelitian ini diharapkan dapat diketahui seberapa besar usaha TKI Purna mempunyai peranan terhadap perluasan kesempatan kerja, pemberdayaan ekonomi rakyat, dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pendapatan usaha TKI Purna. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, maka rumusan permasalahan yang akan dikaji adalah: (a) bagaimana peranan usaha TKI Purna terhadap perluasan kesempatan kerja dan pemberdayaan ekonomi rakyat di Provinsi Sumatera Utara; (b) faktor-faktor apa yang mempengaruhi pendapatan usaha TKI Purna?
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