Abstract
Simple SummaryInoculum from different feeding types of the ruminant species host has unequal tolerance and effects to condensed tannin (CT) due to their respective feeding strategies behavior producing different ruminal microbiota profiles. This paper describes that in long term incubation, CT plant extract addition affects in vitro fermentation kinetics more severely in grazing ruminant than browsing ruminants.Animal feeding behavior and diet composition determine rumen fermentation responses and its microbial characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the rumen fermentation kinetics of domestic ruminants feeding diets with or without condensed tannins (CT). Holstein dairy cows, Nelore beef cattle, Mediterranean water buffalo, Santa Inês sheep and Saanen goats were used as inoculum donors (three animals of each species). The substrates were maize silage (Zea mays), fresh elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), Tifton-85 hay (Cynodon spp.) and fresh alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Acacia (Acacia molissima) extract was used as the external CT source. The in vitro semi-automated gas production technique was used to assess the fermentation kinetics. The experimental design was completely randomized with five inoculum sources (animal species), four substrates (feeds) and two treatments (with or without extract). The inclusion of CT caused more severe effects in grazing ruminants than selector ruminants.
Highlights
Tropical shrubs and trees are important feed for livestock because they are sources of protein [1], minerals and vitamins as well as playing important roles in ruminant feeding systems
All were analyzed (Table 1) for dry matter (DM), mineral matter (MM), crude protein (CP) and acid-detergent fiber (ADF) with residual ash according to AOAC [10]
The regression equation for Acacia condensed tannins (CT) extract had a slow initial slope (12 h) followed by a slight increase, which allowed for a constant long-term assay up to 96 h
Summary
Tropical shrubs and trees are important feed for livestock because they are sources of protein [1], minerals and vitamins as well as playing important roles in ruminant feeding systems. Many of these plant species have secondary compounds capable of changing the utilization of nutrients by mammalian herbivores. In the case of some browsers such as goats, this adaptation takes the form of salivary glands that produce large amounts of mucus-containing enzymes that can bind to CT to increase palatability and leaving plant proteins more available for digestion [5]
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