Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL), one of bisphosphatidyl glycerol lipid, is found to contain high level of C18:2 acyl chains and exist exclusively in inner membranes of mitochondria. Cardiolipin remodeling is the process for CL to attain its specific acyl chains. With the purpose of introducing this interesting field to readers, in this review, we elucidate the role of cardiolipin in normal functions of mitochondria by analyzing the physical and chemical characters of cardiolipin; we introduce the current models of cardiolipin remodeling by analyzing the enzymes involved in this process; we reviewed the latest progress in the clinical implications of cardiolipin remodeling.
Highlights
Physiological Roles of CL RemodelingCL was exclusively distributed in the inner membrane of mitochondria of all eukaryotes
Cardiolipin (CL), one of bisphosphatidyl glycerol lipid, is found to contain high level of C18:2 acyl chains and exist exclusively in inner membranes of mitochondria
Cardiolipin (CL) is one type of bisphosphatidyl glycerol lipid, which is in the name of the heart tissue since it was firstly isolated from bovine heart in 1942
Summary
CL was exclusively distributed in the inner membrane of mitochondria of all eukaryotes. CL is required for the function of a number of metabolic enzymes and carrier proteins by maintaining their proper quaternary structure in mitochondria (Table 1) (Schlame et al, 2000; Hatch, 1998). CL facilitates the protein complexes to form higher order complexes, which in turn improves the efficiency of ATP generation in oxidative phosphorylation. It seems that CL is immobilized and cannot be exchanged with the exogenous radiolabeled CL. Cl is involved in other functions of mitochondria such as translocation of cholesterol from outer to the inner membrane, activation of mitochondrial cholesterol side-chain cleavage, and import of protein into mitochondria (Gasnier et al, 1998)
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