The Role of Bone Marrow Aspiration in Diagnosis of Hypersplenism and other Diseases in Kassala Area Eastern Sudan, October 2016-October 2017

Abstract

Introduction: Bone marrow aspiration (BMA) is an important tool in diagnosis of many haematological and non-haematological diseases. BMA usually done together with complete blood cell count (CBC) and peripheral blood picture. BMA needed for diagnosis of hypersplinsm. BMA alone is sufficient for diagnosis of megaloblastic anaemia, microcytic anaemia, acute leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The objective of this study was to determine the indication of bone Aspiration (BMA) in Kassala state eastern Sudan. Identify the important of BMA in diagnosis of hyperslenism and other diseases in the area. Methodology: All cases for BMA referred from different hospitals and health centres in Kassala state. Seventy-one cases of bone marrow aspiration conducted at the Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine, Kassala University from October 2016 to October 2017. Blood cell count and peripheral blood picture done for all patients subjected for bone marrow aspiration. Clinical information, physical examination, BMA results and other investigations recorded in specially designed form. Data entered on SPSS version 15 and statistically analyse. Results: In 71 of patients underwent BMA, 46 (64.8%) of them with splenomegaly. Twenty (44%) of patients with splenomegaly was due to bilharzia, 18 (39%) due to malaria, two due to malignancy (4%), two (4%) due Visceral Leishmaniosis and two unrevealed causes. Out of the cases with splenomegaly 34 (73.9%) showed features of hypersplenism. Non-splenomegaly cases, 8(32%), 3(12%), 2(8%), iron deficiency, haemolytic, aplastic, and megaloblastic anaemia respectively. 4 cases diagnosed as Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia (ITP). Two cases diagnosed as acute leukaemia. Conclusion: Bone marrow aspiration was very important tool for diagnosis of hypersplenism, endemic diseases in the area and other haematological disorders.