THE ROLE OF ACTIVITIES OF SHEIKH ZAYNIDDIN AND HIS MAUSOLEUM IN THE SPIRITUAL LIFE OF TASHKENT

Abstract

In medieval sources, the city of Tashkent was called Shash. Many well-known scholars in the Islamic sciences, such as hadith, jurisprudence, and mysticism, emerged from Shash. Many great scientists from this region are known to the world by the nisbas of Shoshiy and Toshkandiy. Ancient Tashkent was one of the sacred places where great and pious scientists, muhaddis, and righteous people have been buried. Here, the noble bodies of Zangi ata, Sheikh Umar Vali Baghistani, Sheikh Khovand Tahur, Sheikh Zayniddin Kuyi Arifon, and others found eternal rest. In the second half of the XVIII century, Tashkent city was divided into four districts. According to the sources, these districts were known by the following names: the northern area - Kaffal Shashi, the southern part - Zangiota, the eastern part - Sheikh Hovand Tahur, and the western part - Sheikh Zayniddin Baba (grandfather). But the population of the city called them Sebzor, Beshyoghoch, Shaykhantakhur, and Kukcha, accordingly. There were also three gates (Saghbon, Chigatoy, and Kukcha), 57 mahallas, 47 mausoleums, 60 mosques, and two madrasahs. On the banks of the Nazarbek, Kuksaroy, and Keles rivers were located the gardens of the district. One of the most remarkable places in this part of the city is the mausoleum of Sheikh Zayniddin Baba in the village of Orifon (Scientists) outside the Kukcha Gate. Historical sources show that the district is also called Sheikh Zayniddin. The history of Kukcha mahallah is directly related to Sheikh Zayniddin Baba. His father was Sheikh Shahobiddin Suhrawardi (1145-1235), a well-known Sufi from Baghdad and one of the leaders of the Suhrawardiya tariqah. In this article, based on medieval sources, the activities of Sheikh Zayniddin Kuyi Orifon (1164-1259), the son of Shaykh Suhravardia (1145-1234) – the founder of the Suhravardian tariqah, are studied. The peacefulness of Shaykh Zayniddin and his role in spreading feelings of loyalty, generosity, mercy, and kindness among people are analyzed