ON LEXICAL WAY OF POLITNIESS CATEGORY IN THE TURKISH LANGUAGE

Abstract

The current article considers the lexicological way of conveying the category of politeness in the Turkish language. It identifies the lexicological means of expressing polite-ness in the Turkish language and their methodological features. The abundance of words of respect in the Turkish language indicates that the level of expression of the category of politeness in the language is extensive. By activity and content, personal pronouns, terms of relationship, and semantic units expressing politeness are parts of lexical means of courtesy. In Turkish, the category of politeness is manifested in personal, interrogative, and also in proper pronouns. Revealed the semantic development of lexical units, thus reflecting the politeness category. The content illustrates the stylistic features’ use of pronouns that convey inconsistency. At the same time, instead of pronouns, the use of words such as bendeniz, köleniz, and kulunuz shows the high level of politeness of the speaker concerning the hearer. Moreover, there is an emphasis on the utilization of kinship terms to express the category of courtesy. As you know, the relationship between members of society is formed based on the relationship of individuals. Therefore, the transmission of politeness using kinship terms is more ancient. Some lexical units expressing good manners include the words hanım, efendi, bay, and bey. In the category of politeness, synonyms are hanımefendi, hanım, bayan, kadın, hatun, kari, which means “woman”. The sequence of the above expressions reflects the politeness level from highest to neutral. The article also discusses the endings that accompany the mentioned lexical units. These include ending with m (-im, -ım / -üm, -um) and ending with -lar, -ler. Besides their categorical function, the above endings are non-categorical and functionally occur in expressing politeness. The article depicts that morphological forms accompany lexical means and serve to supplement the content. The features of lexical and morphological means of using politeness in Turkish are revealed based on these accents.