Abstract
The objective of this paper is to present the advantages of Model reference adaptive control (MRAC) motion cueing algorithm against the classical motion cueing algorithm in terms of biomechanical reactions of the participants during the critical maneuvers like chicane in driving simulator real-time. This study proposes a method and an experimental validation to analyze the vestibular and neuromuscular dynamics responses of the drivers with respect to the type of the control used at the hexapod driving simulator. For each situation, the EMG (electromyography) data were registered from arm muscles of the drivers (flexor carpi radialis, brachioradialis). In addition, the roll velocity perception thresholds (RVT) and roll velocities (RV) were computed from the real-time vestibular level measurements from the drivers via a motion-tracking sensor. In order to process the data of the EMG and RVT, Pearson’s correlation and a two-way ANOVA with a significance level of 0.05 were assigned. Moreover, the relationships of arm muscle power and roll velocity with vehicle CG (center of gravity) lateral displacement were analyzed in order to assess the agility/alertness level of the drivers as well as the vehicle loss of control characteristics with a confidence interval of 95%. The results showed that the MRAC algorithm avoided the loss of adhesion, loss of control (LOA, LOC) more reasonably compared to the classical motion cueing algorithm. According to our findings, the LOA avoidance decreased the neuromuscular-visual cues level conflict with MRAC algorithm. It also revealed that the neuromuscular-vehicle dynamics conflict has influence on visuo-vestibular conflict; however, the visuo-vestibular cue conflict does not influence the neuromuscular-vehicle dynamics interactions.
Highlights
Multi-sensory datafusion: such as visual, auditory, haptic, inertial, vestibular, neuromuscular signals are of importance to represent a proper sensation and so a perception in motion base driving simulators [1]-[10].A use study of the physiological measurements has been presented to estimate user interruptibility status by [3]
It can be seen that the discrepancy has been decreased between the EMGRMS total power and the roll velocity at vestibular level by using Model reference adaptive control (MRAC) motion cueing
For the classical motion cueing the discrepancy of the curves has increased
Summary
Multi-sensory datafusion: such as visual, auditory, haptic, inertial, vestibular, neuromuscular signals are of importance to represent a proper sensation (objectively) and so a perception (subjectively as cognition) in motion base driving simulators [1]-[10].A use study of the physiological measurements (biofeedback methods) has been presented to estimate user interruptibility status by [3]. Multi-sensory datafusion: such as visual, auditory, haptic, inertial, vestibular, neuromuscular signals are of importance to represent a proper sensation (objectively) and so a perception (subjectively as cognition) in motion base driving simulators [1]-[10]. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Electromyogram (EMG) signals have been registered as users performed a diversity of assignments. Results have elicited high correlations for both HRV and EMG (r = 0.96 and r = 0.85 respectively) with user subjective reports for interruptibility [3]. Motion sickness has been discussed when a moving visual surround induces the illusion of self-rotation in [4] [11]. The vestibulo-ocular reflex and the occurrence of motion sickness are attached to the gravito-inertial force level according to [12]
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