The robust synchronization control scheme for flexible resources considering the stochastic and delay response process

Abstract

The energy system primarily based on renewable energy increases the need for regulation resources due to the intermittency of renewables. Relying on flexible demands, flexible resources represented by thermal loads and battery vehicles can enhance the energy system operating flexibility in a cost-effective way. However, these energy-utilization-elasticity based regulation flexibilities are distributed among the scattered massive load carriers, and are vulnerable to the communication delays and the users’ behaviors, making their response have time-delay and uncertainty. For these issues, this paper proposes a multi-granularity robust synchronization control scheme by distributionally robust optimization, consensus theory, and delay compensation. First, the multi-granularity model for heterogeneous flexible resources is established based on the individual response characteristic, the generalized virtual energy storage characteristic, and Minkowski-sum theory. Then, a three-layer control framework with multiple control granularities is proposed according to the stochastic delay characteristics of flexible resources. Finally, the robust synchronization control for flexible resources is realized by devising the distributionally robust joint chance constrained control at the coarse-grained aggregation layer, formulating the pinning control at the medium-grained response allocation layer, and establishing the model predictive control with adaptive delay compensation at the fine-grained power tracking layer. The results reveal that the proposed multi-granularity control scheme improves the economy of flexible resources response, alleviates the impact of response uncertainty and response time-delay, and enhances the control performance in cases of the communication fault.