The risorius muscle: anatomic considerations with reference to botulinum neurotoxin injection for masseteric hypertrophy.

Abstract

The botulinum neurotoxin Type A (BTX) injection into the masseter muscle often causes a change in the facial expression. There is as yet no precise anatomic evidence to support this etiologic factor of constrained facial expressions. The aim of this study was to clarify the location and boundaries of the risorius muscle and its topographical relationship with the surrounding structures. This study involved the dissection of 48 hemifaces. The locations of origin and insertion points of the risorius muscle were measured, and the masseter muscle was divided into 6 equally sized rectangular areas. Cases where the masseter muscle was covered by the risorius muscle were classified into the following 4 types: in Type A, Area III was partially covered by the risorius (17.8%); in Type B, Area VI was partially covered (20.0%); in Type C, Areas III and VI were partially covered (53.3%); and in Type D, Areas II, III, and VI were covered (6.7%). These findings suggest that the medial part of the masseter muscle represents a hazard zone into which the injection of BTX may affect the risorius muscle, potentially resulting in iatrogenic unnatural facial expressions.